With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. [31][32] The emperor Marcus Ulpius Traianus (53117 AD) gave the city the combinative name of Ulpia Serdica;[33][34] Ulpia may be derived from an Umbrian cognate of the Latin word lupus, meaning "wolf"[35] or from the Latin vulpes (fox). On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. complete the classification process; 2. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. The President, along with the Council of Ministers, is located on Independence Square, also known as The Largo or The Triangle of Power. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. There are two ice skating complexes the Winter Sports Palace with a capacity of 4,600 and the Slavia Winter Stadium with a capacity of 2,000, both containing two rinks each. This document also provides guidelines for designing a classification system specifically for women. [73] Even areas with few sources of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, had PM2.5 and PM10 levels above safe thresholds. All images, advertising and video materials and/or other information published on this website are property of the Ministry of Tourism and are protected by the Law on Copyright and Related Rights,according tothe Bulgarian laws to all applicable international and relevant acts of the European Union. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. [210] More than 20,000 students[211] study in its 16 faculties. Sixteen checklists allow administrators to assess performance and effectiveness of jail operations. [140] According to a survey, almost a third of Sofia's residents say that they never feel safe in the Bulgarian capital, while 20% always feel safe. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 1 inmates are granted the highest levels of privilege and autonomy whenever possible (subject to operational needs of the facility). It is one of ODRCs central principles to treat people differently based on their conduct while incarcerated. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. During the reign of Emperor Marcus Ulpius Trajan (reign 98-117 CE), the city took his name, Ulpia Serdika, and became the administrative center of the region. The citys average altitude is 550 meters above sea level, the climate is moderate and continental, characterized by cold winters and relatively cool summers. were built. Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. : +359 2 49 49 315 E-mail:largo@info-sofia.bg, Info Point Chitalnyata (The reading room), Tel. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. The Federal Bureau of Prisons compiled a list of all medium-security prisons. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. In the rotundas immediate proximity, in the underpass leading to the Serdika metro station, is The Saint. The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. Until 1949, 13,114 buildings were constructed and between 10,000 and 20,000 in each following decade. Sofia is ranked as Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. In general, the capital is a shoppers delight, since Sofia is still one of the major crossroads on the Balkan Peninsula for a trade of all kinds The citys annual celebration is observed on September 17, in honor of the martyrdom of Saint Sofia and her three daughters Vyara (Faith), Nadezhda (Hope), and Lyubov (Love). It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. Regional Member Sofia", "Shared Electric Vehicles Spark in Sofia Increase by 170", "Fines for bad repair work 'Dnevnik' newspaper", " - ", "Official website of the Sofia university History", "Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students", "Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years", ". . In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until 1194, when it was reincorporated by the reborn Bulgarian Empire. During the Russo-Turkish War of 187778, Suleiman Pasha threatened to burn the city in defence, but the foreign diplomats Leandre Legay, Vito Positano, Rabbi Gabriel Almosnino and Josef Valdhart refused to leave the city thus saving it. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. Fourteen chapters comprise this guide: introduction; role, purpose, and characteristics of the jail; administration; facilities; staffing and scheduling; staff recruiting, selection, and retention; staff training; security, safety, and emergency preparedness; inmate behavior management; inmate discipline and grievance; special management; inmate services and programs; jail intake and release; and getting started on the job. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. [202] The municipality was known for minor and cosmetic repairs and many streets are in a poor condition. Vitosha Boulevard, also called Vitoshka, is a pedestrian zone with numerous cafs, restaurants, fashion boutiques, and luxury goods stores. However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. A map of Sofia Valley. September 13, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. [164] In 2015, Sofia was ranked 30th out of 300 global cities in terms of combined growth in employment and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the highest one amongst cities in Southeast Europe. It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. For Constantine the Great it was 'Sardica mea Roma est' (Serdica is my Rome). The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. Three mountain passes lead to the city, which have been key roads since antiquity, Vitosha being the watershed between Black and Aegean Seas. Akademai Klado, 1966. A guide "developed to enhance the leadership skills, knowledge, and capabilities of jail administrators on issues of basic jail administration" is presented (p. v). [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. In 1900, the first electric lightbulb in the city was turned on. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. He considered making Serdica the capital of the Byzantine Empire instead of Constantinople. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. [203] Consequently, traffic and air pollution problems have become more severe and receive regular criticism in local media. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35C (95F) on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. [145] The Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which performs mainly classical plays and is situated in the very centre of the city, is the most prominent theatre. The city gained its present name at the end of the 14th century, in honor of the citys major symbol, The Saint Sofia Basilica. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. "[102], From the 14th century till the 19th century Sofia was an important administrative center in the Ottoman Empire. The National Institute of Corrections helps agencies develop or modify their . The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. [173] The influx of workers from other parts of the country became so intense that a restriction policy was imposed, and residing in the capital was only possible after obtaining Sofianite citizenship. Individuals tend to receive greater autonomy and freedom of movement during the day so as to encourage pro-social behavior and programming as part of the 3-Tier prison system. There is also a wide variety of hostels and smaller family guesthouses. Adjacent to this church is the Theological Seminary, which houses The National Historical and Archeological Museum. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). Back to Search. Amid of the citys religious landmarks, directly across from The Presidential Palace, is the National Archeological Museum, which has in its collection some of the most valuable treasures discovered in Bulgaria. This web site uses cookies. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. Masterpieces of Bulgarian painting are on display at The National Art Gallery, located in what was formerly the Bulgarian Royal Palace. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of "religio licita", a worship recognised and accepted by the Roman Empire. Sofias parks are a favorite place for rest and recreation. [94] In the aftermath of the war, the city was permanently integrated in Bulgaria and became known by the Slavic name of Sredets. Hilfe, eroberte das Land der Serden (bei Dio Segetika) und kam plndernd ins. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. Shopi speak the Western Bulgarian dialects. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. Regular performances began in 1909. Six new stations were opened in 2009, two more in April 2012, and eleven more in August 2012. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. The citys stadiums draw thousands of fans for matches between the major football teams. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. The transformations of Bulgaria into the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946 and into the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990 marked significant changes in the city's appearance. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. The SS. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. [74] However, a report by the European Court of Auditors issued in September 2018 revealed that Sofia has not drafted any projects to reduce air pollution from heating. It is the policy of the ODRC to maintain a classification level system that creates a process for the classification of individuals according to their security risk. Bulgaria's largest art museums are located in the central areas of the city. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In July 2016 the Vitosha Metro Station was opened on the M2 main line. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. lyme disease cbc blood test results, lowlevelfatalerror line 1214, Springs, such as the Sofia Plain and the Lyce Franais most European capitals, Sofia was an administrative. 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